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What is A Private Limited Company?

What is A Private Limited Company

If you’re planning to start a business, you’ve probably heard the term “Private Limited Company.” But what does it really mean? It’s a type of business that is privately owned and has limited liability. This means the company and its owners are considered separate entities, ensuring that the personal assets of the owners are protected. In this blog, I’ll explain what a Private Limited Company is, how it works, and why many people choose this structure.

What is a Private Limited Company and how does it work?

This is the most commonly chosen business type in India. The company’s shares are not available to the public. Only a few selected people (called shareholders) can own the business. At least two people are needed to start a Private Limited Company, and it can have up to 200 members.
Now, how does it work? It is considered a distinct legal entity. This means it can own property, open a bank account, and take loans in its own name. The personal money and assets of the owners are safe in any cases.
The company is managed by directors, and all rules and operations are guided by the Companies Act, 2013. It also has to follow proper compliance like filing returns and maintaining records. So, it gives both safety and professionalism to your business.

Private Limited Company’s Main Characteristics

A Private Limited Company comes with some very useful features that make it a great choice for many small and growing businesses in India.

  • First, it has a separate legal identity. This means the company is treated like its own person—it can buy property, take loans, and do business in its own name.
  • Second, there is limited liability. This means if the company faces any losses, the personal money or property of the owners (called shareholders) is not at risk. They only lose what they invested.
  • Third, it allows easy transfer of shares. If one owner wants to leave, they can transfer their shares to someone else (with certain rules).
  • Also, this company requires at least two directors and up to 200 shareholders. It must follow proper registration and annual compliance.

All these features make it a safe, professional, and reliable way to run a business.

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Private Limited Company Registration Advantages

There are many advantages to registering a Private Limited Company in Rajasthan, especially if you want to run your business professionally and grow it over time.

  • First, your assets are safeguarded because of limited liability. If the business faces a loss, you don’t have to use your savings to cover it.
  • Second, it builds trust with customers, investors, and banks. A private limited company looks more reliable and serious, which helps in getting loans and attracting investments.
  • Third, the company exists even if the owners change. This is called perpetual succession, and it makes the business more stable.
  • Also, ownership can be shared easily by transferring shares. You can also raise funds more easily from investors compared to other types of businesses.

Lastly, registering a company gives your business a legal identity, which is important for growth, branding, and future planning. It’s a smart and secure way to build a strong business.

Disadvantages of a Private Limited Company

While a Private Limited Company has many benefits, there are also some disadvantages you should know before choosing this business structure.

  • First, the registration process is a bit lengthy and needs proper documents. You’ll also have to follow more rules and regulations compared to simpler business types like sole proprietorship or partnership.
  • Second, you must maintain proper records, hold board meetings, and file annual returns with the MCA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs). This means more paperwork and compliance.
  • Third, the cost of managing a private limited company. You may need to hire professionals like a CA or a company secretary to help with legal filings.
  • Also, the shares cannot be traded freely in the stock market, so raising big funds might be harder compared to public companies.

In short, if you’re ready for some paperwork and legal responsibilities, it’s manageable. Otherwise, it may feel too formal for very small businesses.

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A Private Limited Company and a Public Limited Company are both types of registered companies in India, but they work differently.

  • The shares are not available for public purchase in a Private Limited Company. Only a limited group of individuals (such as family, friends, or business partners) can hold shares. On the other hand, a Public Limited Company can sell its shares to the general public through the stock market.
  • A private company needs 2 or more members, while a public company needs 7 members, and there’s no maximum limit.
  • Also, a private limited company has fewer legal rules to follow compared to a public company, which must follow stricter regulations and greater transparency.

In short, private limited companies are best for small to medium businesses, while public companies are suitable for large businesses looking to raise money from the public.

Eligibility Criteria to become a director in a Private Limited Company

In a Private Limited Company, a director is someone who is responsible for managing the company and making important decisions. But who can become a director? The answer is simple.
Any individual who is at least 18 years old can become a director in a Private Limited Company. The person must be of sound mind, not declared insolvent (bankrupt), and not disqualified by law. Both Indian citizens and foreigners can become directors, which means even an NRI can be a director in an Indian company.
To officially become a director, the person must have a Director Identification Number (DIN), which is a unique number issued by the government.
Usually, a Private Limited Company must have at least two directors, and it can have up to 15 directors without needing special permission.
So, whether you’re a business owner, investor, or professional, if you meet the rules, you can be a company director.

Conclusion

A Private Limited Company is one of the most preferred business structures in India due to its limited liability, separate legal identity, and ease of raising funds. Whether you’re a startup or a growing business, choosing this model gives you long-term benefits. If you’re planning for private limited company registration in Rajasthan, it’s important to follow the correct process and take expert help to avoid mistakes. With the right guidance, your business can grow confidently and legally right from the beginning.

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At E Accountax Manager, we simplify business registration in Rajasthan with step-by-step support and expert advice. From documentation to government filings, we handle everything with care and clarity. We help startups, MSMEs, and growing businesses register quickly and stay compliant—saving you time, money, and effort.

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CA Jitendra Agarwal

CA Jitendra Agarwal

CA Jitendra Agarwal, a Chartered Accountant, is an experienced Income Tax Advisor with a proven track record in tax planning and compliance.

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